Evaluation Units have been established in Vienna, Stockholm, and Paris, assessing the potential and limitations of medical humanitarian action, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of our medical humanitarian work. Stephanie Kirchgaessner and Alessandra Bonomolo, Migrant Shipwreck Toll May Include Up to 100 Children, The Guardian, April 21, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/migrant-shipwreck-toll-may-include-up-to-100-children-mediterranean, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2015) 240 final, May 13, 2015, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/communication_on_the_european_agenda_on_migration_en.pdf, European Commission makes progress on Agenda on Migration, , Press release, May 27, 2015, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-5039_en.htm, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Legal entry channels to the EU for persons in need of international protection: a toolbox, February 2015, http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-focus_02-2015_legal-entry-to-the-eu.pdf. Mubarek, from Parwan, in northern Afghanistan, left the country with his wife and three young sons two months before we spoke in May 2015 on Lesbos, a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. Children are especially vulnerable. But some people in these countries also experience human rights violations or forced displacement arising from conflict and may have valid refugee claims. This logistical centre in Amsterdam purchases, tests, and stores equipment including vehicles, communications material, power supplies, water-processing facilities and nutritional supplements. [18] Turkey has taken in over 1.7 million Syrian refugees, while Lebanon is hosting almost 1.2 millionone quarter of its population. Unprecedented numbers of people are taking dangerous journeys across the Mediterranean to reach countries of the European Union. The situation for Afghans in Pakistan, which has hosted about 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees for over 30 years and where an estimated one million unregistered Afghans live, is also of concern. Children are especially vulnerable. The internationally recognized government in Libya has said it opposes EU action in its territory or territorial waters. Instead of confronting the vicious cycle that their own policies are creating, politicians have hidden behind unfounded accusations towards NGOs and individuals who attempt to help people in dire straits. The EU replaced Mare Nostrum in November 2014 with Operation Triton, under the aegis of the EUs external borders agency Frontex, with one-third of the budget, far fewer assets, and a limited geographic scope. Asmeron, 21, told us his father was imprisoned for a week in October 2014 after Asmeron refused to return to military service and fled to Ethiopia.

Create additional safe and legal means for people to seek asylum or find a safe haven in the EU. In 2014, over 10,500 children traveled alone to Italy by sea. We use only first names and, where noted, pseudonyms, to protect the identity of the people we interviewed. [69] European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Legal entry channels to the EU for persons in need of international protection: a toolbox, February 2015, http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-focus_02-2015_legal-entry-to-the-eu.pdf (accessed June 8, 2015). Mdecins Sans Frontires brings medical humanitarian assistance to victims of conflict, natural disasters, epidemics or healthcare exclusion. For example, the Commission has called on states to afford the same possibilities to those benefitting from subisidiary protection as to recognized refugees, and to use their discretion in the most humanitarian way to allow family reunification for extended family members if they are dependent on the refugee (including by taking into account legal, financial, emotional or material support).[80]. With no rights, its difficult to stay in the country, he said. [76] Subsidiary protection is a permission to stay in the country given a person who does not qualify as a refugee but who would face a real risk of serious harm if returned to his or her country of origin. [36] Human Rights Watch interview with Habtom (pseudonym), Catania, Italy, May 14, 2015.

Our interviews indicate that reuniting with separated family membersincluding unaccompanied children seeking relativesis a major pull factor to particular EU countries, in addition to the push factors documented in this report. The scale and gravity of the human rights concerns in Eritrea prompted the UN Human Rights Council to establish a commission of inquiry in 2014 to investigate human rights violations in Eritrea since independence. The commissions report, issued in early June 2015, found systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations and concluded that violations in the areas of extrajudicial executions, torture (including sexual torture), national service and forced labour may constitute crimes against humanity. The commission called on the international community to provide protection to those who flee Eritrea owing to the severe violations of their rights or fear thereof. Human Rights Watchs interviews with recently-departed Eritreans in May 2015 support the commissions finding that Eritreas human rights situation remains terrible. In 2014, the United Nations documented 819 cases of recruitment and use of children by Al-Shabaab and other armed groups, including from schools and mosques. [74] UNHCR, Sharp increase in numbers of Eritrean refugees and asylum-seekers in Europe, Ethiopia and Sudan, news release, November 14, 2014, http://www.unhcr.org/5465fea1381.html.

Based in Geneva, UREPH (or Research Unit) aims to improve the way MSF projects are implemented in the field and to participate in critical thinking on humanitarian and medical action. In 2014, at least 219,000 people made the crossing, up from 60,000 the previous year.

[32] Human Rights Watch interview with 15-year-old boy, Lesbos, Greece, May 20, 2015.

The beheading of 21 men, 20 of whom were Egyptian Copts and one was an African national working in Libya, in February 2015, and 28 Christian Ethiopians in April 2015all claimed by extremist groups that pledged allegiance to ISISwere horrifying illustrations of the risks to which some migrants are exposed. A meaningful reform of the Dublin Regulation remains stalled because of opposition from many EU governments, particularly those in the north that benefit from the status quo. Human Rights Watch interview with Ismael, Italy, May 12, 2015. Our staff own and manage MSF, making sure that we stay true to our mission and principles, through the MSF Associations. [73] Sudan and Ethiopia each host over 105,000 Eritrean refugees, primarily in refugee camps. Migrants Detail Horrors That Caused Them to Flee, Trafficking and Torture of Eritreans in Sudan and Egypt, Migrant Worker Abuse in Bahrain and the Government Reform Agenda, Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people in 90 countries worldwide, spotlighting abuses and bringing perpetrators to justice, Human Rights Watch is a 501(C)(3)nonprofit registered in the US under EIN: 13-2875808. Over 100,000 migrants and asylum seekers have crossed the Mediterranean since the beginning of 2015. Learn about the different contexts and situations in which MSF teams respond to provide care, including war and natural disaster settings, and how and why we adapt our activities to each. New asylum applications in the 28 EU member states rose to 626,000 in 2014, a 22 percent increase over the previous year. Now they treat me as if I am a terrorist or a security threat.[19], A new period of instability in 2014, characterized by political uncertainty and growing pressure from Taliban insurgents, contributed to a decline in respect for human rights throughout the country. Human Rights Watch interview with Amira, Samos, Greece, May 24, 2015. Al-Shabaab has also targeted students, teachers, and school buildings for attack. He did not admit he was a Talibwe killed him and this is his bloodied shirt.[30]. The vast majority of people attempting the Mediterranean crossing pass through Libya, where they are exposed to horrific levels of violence, including kidnapping, torture and extortion.

[77] UNHCR, Refugee Family Reunification: UNHCRs Response to the European Commission Green Paper on the Right to Family Reunification of Third Country Nationals Living in the European Union (Directive 2003/86/EC), February 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f55e1cf2.html (accessed June 8, 2015). The UN and International Committee of the Red Cross have already documented a steep rise in conflict-related civilian casualties: up 22 percent in 2014 over the previous year. Short of overhauling the Dublin Regulation, the Agenda proposes. [29] Afghanistan: Abusive Strongmen Escape Justice, Human Rights Watch news release, March 3, 2015, http://www.hrw.org/news/2015/03/03/afghanistan-abusive-strongmen-escape-justice. Human Rights Watch interview with Daniel (pseudonym), Lampedusa, Italy, May 15, 2015. Many of those coming from other major sending countries Nigeria, The Gambia, Senegal, Mali are seeking to improve their economic opportunities or to live in more open and safe societies. The Frontex mandate is explicitly border enforcement; participating vessels respond to boats in distress but do not proactively search for them. According to the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, over 60 percent of the people who took the dangerous sea journey in the first five months of 2015 came from Syria, Somalia, and Afghanistan, countries torn apart by war and generalized violence, or from Eritrea, which is ruled by one of the most repressive governments in Africa. He had been working as a volunteer with an organization combating violence against women. , Human Rights Watch News Release September 30, 2014, http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/30/lebanon-rising-violence-targets-syrian-refugees, Civilian Casualties in Afghanistan Rise by 22 per cent in 2014, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan news release, February 18, 2015, http://www.unama.unmissions.org/Portals/UNAMA/human%20rights/2015/18_Feb_2015-Press%20Release_2014_PoC-annual_report-Final-Eng.pdf. [59], Nero, a 28-year-old Nigerian man we interviewed in Lampedusa in May 2015, said, If you walk on your legs, they attack you. [73] UNCHR, Syria Regional Refugee Response, May 7, 2015, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php. A third phase would involve rendering inoperable the suspect boats, including in Libyan territory or territorial waters under UN authorization or with the consent of Libyan authorities. Countries such as Portugal, Slovakia, and Romania received fewer than 100 applicants per one million inhabitants, while Spain had only 120. http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/ethiopia1010webwcover.pdf, EU: Rights Abuses at Home Drive Mediterranean Crisis. The EUs response in recent years to boat migration across the Mediterranean has focused largely on trying to prevent or discourage people attempting to make the dangerous crossing. In reality, attempts to prevent crossings are likely to fail as this approach overlooks the reasons people are willing to risk their lives to attempt such deadly sea-passage. While the international community as a whole has a role to play in addressing global migration challenges, the EU as the destination region has a primary responsibility for ensuring that its migration and asylum policies, including its response to dangerous boat migration in the Mediterranean, are fully in line both with international law and with the EUs own regional law. Six countries (Germany, Sweden, Italy, France, Hungary, and the UK) received over 75 percent of all asylum applications in 2014. Discover our governance and what it means to be an association. It shocked me, he told us. Some migrants who have resided in Libya since before the current hostilities broke out in May 2014, are fleeing insecurity and violence in Libya. [48] Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack, Education Under Attack, 2014, p. 178.

After that, I only went back to take my exams, said Rami, a 12-year-old boy from Dael. [20], The Taliban and other insurgents, including groups who claim some affiliation with ISIS, have mounted bold and increasingly frequent attacks in several traditionally secure provinces in the north of the country, as well as the south, leading to the displacement of tens of thousands of civilians.

Human Rights Watch interview with Habtom (pseudonym), Catania, Italy, May 14, 2015. Given the number and extent of protracted refugee crises around the world, the EU should agree collectively to increase this low pledge significantly. This medical unit is based in Cape Town, South Africa. At the height of the fighting in Somalias capital, Mogadishu, in 2010 and 2011, Al-Shabaab abducted children, including girls for forced marriage, wherever they congregated: schools, playgrounds, football fields, mosques and homes. European Council on Refugees and Exiles and the European Legal Network on Asylum. Hostile attacks on Aquarius continued in November 2018, when the Italian judiciary requested the seizure of Aquarius due to spurious claims of waste mismanagement.

Providing epidemiological expertise to underpin our operations, conducting research and training to support our goal of providing medical aid in areas where people are affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or excluded from health care. There is currently very little dedicated search and rescue in the Central Mediterranean, but people are still trying to flee Libya. International maritime law has developed over the centuries to ensure humanitarian assistance to those in distress and protect the right to life. Report di monitoraggio 31 dicembre 2014, December 2014, http://www.lavoro.gov.it/AreaSociale/Immigrazione/minori_stranieri/Documents/Report%20di%20monitoraggio%20dicembre%202014%20(2).pdf. For more Human Rights Watch work on Eritrea, see http://www.hrw.org/africa/eritrea. EU member states have the right to return those who have no claim to remain, but procedures for apprehension, detention, and return should ensure humane treatment, access to effective remedies, and respect for the non-refoulement obligation. Short of overhauling the Dublin Regulation, the Agenda proposes a voluntary relocation mechanism among EU states, based on the same criteria as the refugee resettlement scheme (country population, total GDP, unemployment rate, and number of asylum applications and resettled refugees from 2010-2014). [67] Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2015) 240 final, May 13, 2015, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/communication_on_the_european_agenda_on_migration_en.pdf (accessed June 8, 2015). [46], Al-Shabaab has also targeted students, teachers, and school buildings for attack. In more than 70 countries, Mdecins Sans Frontires provides medical humanitarian assistance to save lives and ease the suffering of people in crisis situations. If EU member states then agree to proceed, the second phase will include boarding, searching, seizing, and diverting suspected smuggling boats.

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