How would you go about doing this? I am not sure that this is a result of the demise of plane and tool use or just plain laziness on the part of the user/owner. Adding a full sole by lamination works perfectly well and in my view is better than inserting a section of wood as is often extolled as the way to go. Bob Vila. The College have different systems in place but not all works. The length of the plane measures 9 1/2. The craftsman of yesterday had a wide array of molding and related planes. Not the case at all as they rarely worked in opposition to one another nor were they ever paired as such. I always thought them very technical and never found information on how they were made by hand. Search for: How to Sharpen a Moulding Plane | Paul Sellers Its on youtube. Thats the secret handshake that most people know. Just a single set will do and youre off to the races. The surface across the mould was pristine and it was this that they had never seen before and what made them so receptive to the use of hand tools. Thank you for all your work. Running along the length, by an internal seat corner, I found a row of six nail holes that obviated a narrowing of the mould by attaching a fillet into the corner with brad nails. Love these posts! We take the handling of personal information seriously and appreciate your trust in us. This edge fracture occurring when the bevel is too shallow to establish a sustainable bevel edge causes the grain to tear in a ripping manner. I find the metal planes easier to hold and therefore work the wood. You can also build up moulds to create deep mouldings as well. And if that is really an obstacle then just look around to find ideas. Follow Paul's technique and project videos over at Woodworking Masterclasses, our dedicated site for honing your skills. The nail had a small polished spot from shaving the wood over the years which showed more recent use despite the poor shape of the cutting iron. To access this article, please, Association for Preservation Technology International (APT), Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. You can contact us here. Have you made any such video? You will learn which tools you need as you learn the process of using them. Everybody sees the process differently. A few additional details interested me and I thought you might like my thoughts. Found a problem with the site? Hi Paul, Can you show us how to sharpen molding plane blades? In fact when laying out the profiles on my actual project piece, I use my planes to trace the profiles. I was taught by an old school fellow and had great admiration for hand tools, which rubbed off on me. My greatest challenges are not always in the face of the giants of the industry but those who teach in education. Of the hundreds I have examined I have yet to find one that was well sharpened and honed to an acceptable level. it was a Stanley #11 bullnose rabbet. This might seem insignificant but it is not. Purchase this issue for $35.00 USD. If you later decide to add more pairs you will know exactly where to go with the experience you have gained at the bench. I think too that is worth noting that the much steeper pitch on many moulding planes were designed so because of the difference in grain structure and direction of grain along a length of wood. This moulding plane was made in the late 1700s. Granted I am not building large cornice mouldings with wide coves, but Im also not just chamfering or rounding over my edges and calling it a day. I cant wait to get the full book. Its hard to believe, but this plane accompanied me when I migrated to live in the USA in 1986. Please click here to read it before you provide any information on this form. Hollows and rounds make a specific circumference not a specific profile. With two pairs of hollows and rounds you are able to make multiple moulding profiles that complement each other and are not simply derivatives of the same circle. students, and other persons directly involved in the application of methods At the thickest part, by the bevel, it is just 1/8 (3mm) thick and tapers only minimally. Hi Paul, I have just started into the world of molding planes and have an American sash plane that cut both the glazing rebate and the molding at the same time. This is not an issue if you work in a stable climate. At the shows I went to, it was nothing to have 100 and more woodworkers clustered around my workbench and my work after I demonstrated for an hour. Get his weekly digest delivered straight to your inbox. You will also be able to mix and match the concave with the convex to mimic profiles that are more representative of those that you will see upon the pieces throughout the ages. If the largest piece on your to do list is a lowboy or small chest of drawers, then go with the 4s and 8s. One thing for certain back then and possibly now is the reality that Americans love handwork and hand tools, craftwork and the traditions of such. and materials to maintain, conserve, and protect historic structures and sites It takes skill and practice to get this right but it is the best strategy I know of when an opposite plane is not available. The simplest forms are the hollows and rounds that create convex and concave shaping to the wood. Copyright 2022 Acton Media Inc. All rights reserved. Called a spring line, it should be kept perpendicular to the workpiece, even if this means that the stock of the molding plane will not be. That York pitch exaggerated incline to a much steeper rake countered the inevitable contrary grains that we encounter minute on minute. 2) You can consider using a harder-wearing wood for the sole than the original wood, as long as you bear in mind that it may move differently from the wood of the body of the plane. Most of our work does not encompass the full range of furniture and decoration. My saws, chisels, and planes havent missed a step when it comes to making joinery that my router used to make. The bed angle is 47.5-degrees. Your thoughts? People do assume that hollows and rounds were made as pairs and sold as such. By Bob Vila | Updated Nov 12, 2013 6:52 PM. The width of the finished cut is about 3/4 from point to point. Indeed, its so simple to true up the sole dead flat, glue on a thicker section to near the original depth of the plane and then bandsaw or plane off the excess ready for planing dead flat again. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. APT's members, who hail from more than thirty countries, include architects, So, maybe Ill count myself lucky that Im coming to hand made moldings from that direction. We often become mesmerised after we have seen someone set up equipment to cut a recess for a hinge and then cut the recess with a power router in five seconds. The plane has has a much shallower glazing blade depth but has four nail holes where someone may have added a piece to the sole. My pair of 6s and 8s cover just about any moulding I can dream up for my projects. Select a purchase I have made a 1/2 set of hollows and rounds and it is very convenient to use the round to make the hollow, so I did make matched sets, but only because it was easy. The most important element of any teaching is having a burden for those you will teach. preservationists, developers, educators, historians, landscape architects, technicians, The plane body itself measures 9 7/8 (250mm) long, standard for Madox planes, it is 3 5/16 (83mm) tall and 2 11/32 (60mm) wide. When in doubt, add a fillet to punctuate the moulding and fudge that extra space. The thing is, I rarely reproduce anything. Any news of the router plane blade supplier. This provision for small donations has been created due to popular demand from wonderful people that expressed their desire to support Pauls work, you can donate here. A simple rabbet plane has no fence and no depth stop, which is an absolute advantage. Here is an example of a plane that I knew had a rust-frozen cutting iron locked in place when I bought it. I started off with, A "third hand" makes a lot of difference and and is unbeatable for safety. Several moulding planes were used on sliding sash windows for the sashes and then the boxed sides that housed the weights channels, pulleys and dividers. With one hollow and one round and a method for making rabbets you are able to make a few dozen profiles.

Needless to say, most plane cutters are and were well worn beyond their sell-by date. I would rather put my own spin on it and make it truly my own. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. As you progress, you will learn to sharpen more accurately, lay profiles out better, and to design as you see the profile take shape knowing that you can change it at any point. The choices are immeasurable and unending. After all, any dovetail on furniture can be cut with a single saw. One writer, perhaps not so much a user but still knowledgeable, writes that closed throats were always essential for good mouldings, but this is not altogether factually true at all, as most moulding planes irreversibly wear along the length of the mould and the throat gets more open as the sole mould wears away. It was the same for the best part of the next two and a half decades and showed no signs of stopping; this never happened anywhere else, perhaps complacency and the belief that Europeans had more to offer, which I never found to be the case. Among them were purpose-made tongue-and-groove planes for shaping the edges of boards; these planes were sold in matched sets. A steeper bevel on the cutting iron would require a steeper rake to the bed of the plane, a shallower bevel, less than 25-30-degrees and the edge is really too weak for most woods and most work; especially is this so when we encounter any of the difficult grain associated with knots, etc. I doubt that any other method will give me what this plane gives me in 20 seconds. The key is understanding the space you have to play in and breaking it up into elements that your set of tools can accommodate. A set of bead planes was de rigueur in almost all woodworking shops in the waning days of the preindustrial age. I sold all of my routers earlier this year. The cutting iron is thin as are many early planes of this type. Register for Semester 2 of The Hand Tool School and learn the process as well as how to restore vintage moulding planes. The answer is always apparent.

Beech is indeed well proven for its longevity, workability with hand tool methods and stability. This polish increases the friction and causes more sticking. I agree that having a match set is unimportant. Having but a few hundred too, I have yet to receive any moulding plane with a sharp cutting iron and this is just about the case with every one of the hundreds of planes I have bought across the board through the years. For woodworkers with old-time tastes, using a molding plane is like drinking a vintage port. Visit our sister site, Common Woodworking, to follow along with Paul's beginner projects and techniques to build your skill. The planes are not for everyone, but for those who favor them, they offer a unique satisfaction. Things like this. So how much space do you have to work with? I still bought it for its age and then one or two other good and justifiable reasons any collector-user might want to buy such a plane. you can hop from one rabbet enjoyed this play on words (intended or not.) This is bemusing to someone like me. I measured a wear line that suggested the narrowing to be by around 3/8 (10mm). By making mouldings by hand you will dictate your results. A couple of tips: 1) Most wooden planes will have some light rounding and/or dinging of the edges of the sole. Laminate a piece of wood that is thicker than you need. Those planes were just the foundation for the extraordinary variety of planes that were made in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, planes responsible for the wonderful moldings found in early American homes. No fence and no depth stop means no adjustments, which means that you can hop from one rabbet to the next in the course of a recoil from a forward stroke. Whereas you might expect the cutting iron to retract and retreat or flex in the cut under the pressure of forward thrusting of the plane, especially in heavier work, it showed no signs of flexing and the ogee was finished to a fully refined moulding with no chatter or skud marks. It may or may not be obvious but moulding planes can generally plane in one direction only, so any rising grain will usually result in tearing at some point.

Unlike making dovetails by hand, the tooling, method, purpose and starting point for making mouldings with hollows and rounds is not always apparent. By using the methods I describe on my blog and in my book you will never get to the end of a profile and wonder what went wrong. I have strayed from steel hammers for shocking blades and wedges most of the time because the weight of the Thorex 712 well suits my preference for doing as little harm as possible. The thing is, I never liked the canned appearance of router bit profiles. Most of us do not need a half set of hollows and rounds (nine pairs, 18 planes that range from 1/8 radius up to 1-) along with snipes bills, side rounds and plows. Hi Paul. Tool-world modernists argue, Who needs em? Will you teach us one day how to make windows and house doors? How much flat do I want at the top and bottom, if any? The polish on the sole is wear-polish from friction between the sole and its moulded stock. option. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. To ignore that line is, in most cases, to flatten the profile of the molding almost beyond recognition. On moulding planes, at least, the opening cuts are almost non-existent but then they widen and thicken stroke on stroke very quickly and especially so on small moulds of say 1/2. Fruit and nut woods were used in earlier periods until beech took over. By adding that second pair of planes to your repertoire you are able to recognize the true versatility that these planes both allow and encourage. The one thing about sliding sash or box windows is how very cleverly simple they are to make. Thank you for all you have done to reclaim these ancient and dying skills.

A lot of people get into this hobby through machinery and then add some sort of handwork. From personal preference, I generally dont mould my stock and projects. Expert advice from Bob Vila, the most trusted name in home improvement, home remodeling, home repair, and DIY. I wasnt too much into the history of planes back then but I did know about the ones I owned at the time. technology necessary for conserving historic structures and their settings. That being so, most moulding planes continue to be used with rarely an issue due to the gaping throat opening. A 2 X 4 clamped vertically, All timber is expensive and has almost doubled in price recently. Its called key steel, and it was readily available in several different dimensions, usually square, and on 30cm lengths. I have used, and still use after an enforced break in my career, wooden moulding planes and find them fantastic to use. The most critical element to good and clean mouldings is the sharpness of the cutting edge used and then the steeper pitch (York pitch) of between 50-57-degrees instead of lesser angles of 45-degrees and lower. The iron is ground to the same profile, though the cutting edge extends only partway from the right-hand side (on most planes) to the left. This allows the cutting iron to move offline and needs the tap method to align it with the general course of the soles profile. This is both highly efficient and effective and whereas most of the depths of cuts will be full thickness, the closing stroke or two will be par-thick until the stop is reached and its this super-thin last stroke that strikes the perfect closing cut. If you want to make a high chest of drawers or something larger, go with the 6s and 10s.

Keep up the great work John, from the centre of the world, being Birmingham. You will manipulate the light and shadows to fit the piece and your eye, not in a predetermined fashion made by a manufacturer. Or I could alter the arc from 60 degrees to 90 and add in flanking fillets around the cover or bead. These start and stop points will determine your slope; use a ruler to connect the dots and draw in the slope. I try to incorporate this into my classes and keep the old tools alive as such to speak. Access supplemental materials and multimedia. Molding planes are used to cut wooden moldings. Cant wait to get started Thanks Paul for the inspiration on this one. For an archive linking to posts from each month going back in time click here. for future use and appreciation. Proven technology! Users of the age would not throw out their worn planes and used techniques to skim off those awkward areas and always sharpened appropriately anyway. (A bead molding, semicircular in section, was a pleasing way to finish a joint between two parallel pieces of wood, as in wainscoting or door panels.). Also, a good finish is affected by the speed of cut followed by the sole friction on the wood. If this is noticed or encountered early on and ahead of time, the best thing to do is to retract the blade and sharpen-up and, in the strokes you take, allow the cutting edge time to actually cut instead of just swiping away at it. It will remain in situ for now as I have no need to remove it. The problem is that with so many possible profiles I think the myth is that one needs at least a half set of hollows and rounds to be able to even think about sticking your own mouldings. Paul in 2015 put out a video on sharpening moulding plane blades. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All fields with . I have seen some say the rebate and the molding depth MUST be the same depth. Well, its not so much the speed of cut but the quick and successive strokes that swipe so closely to each previous alignment. What is an opposite plane? Dovetails appear to be most woodworkers transition point. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. I opt for a rabbet plane (often supplemented with a table saw) to make rabbets. Watching Chris, Roy, or Peter chop and shave by hand looks much more natural to me than watching Norm (Abrams). Additionally, it shows no sign of straying from the path it will keep creating. These moulding planes are very common and dont require much effort to restore them to working order. You can buy excellent quality planes that will be near functional at the point of purchase and you need not pay more than 10 apiece. It is all original and functions just as well today as it did in its beginnings! Even so, it does give thought for a plane that has no cap iron, relies on wedging for blade retention and one that sits at a steepish angle of presentation. In theory, having seen your videos on making planes, the poor mans rebate and the router, we have enough information to make our own, but it always nice to watch an expert craft one. I was very happy to take advantage of the lower prices that were available. You must enter certain information to submit the form on this page. To each his own. Combining these with a plough plane of any type will give you a wide range of profiles and you can go from the simplest to the most complex as your collection grows. By this I mean you can lift the heel of the plane off the wood fractionally as you are about to encounter the rough grain and take an unmeasured half- or quarter-depth cut. John Briscoe was a British plane maker in Birmingham, England from 1785 to 1788. I think these types of projects are so critical to counter the culture of get-it-done-yesterday-and-forget-smelling-the-flowers but all, Paul, I made a version of one of these 3 legged stools a while back and it was honestly one, We just dont seem to have many in the UK. Perhaps if you have the time you could do a video showing us how to make simple moulding planes, such as paired hollows and rounds, or even a set to do tongue and grooves. We often fail to realise the importance of the bevel of the plane blade in determining the bed angle of presentation. Beech seems always to be the best wood for moulding planes since the early 1700s when other woods were passed over in preference for the straight-grained non-problematic beech wood. What was once $1 $3 each are now $14 $20 apiece on average. This past 4 years I have been a Part time Lecturer for Joinery/Carpentry in a local College in Northern Ireland. There are much more accurate and exacting methods for laying out the profile using rulers, dividers, and circle templates and these are really necessary if you are trying to reproduce exactly a moulding. Ive been reading an old book that alludes to the ability to re-mouth a plane (in this case a jack plane) that has been flattened several times and the mouth therefore wide in order to make it function as new. If you do not know where to begin but you know you want to make one specific profile, find the various radii included in the profile with a circle template and youll have your answer. This will most likely bend the stem of the cutting iron, snap it or damage the wedge next to it in the process. I gave up on wooden plough planes though, and now use my original metal Record, Stanley and Wooden planes. On the other hand, you can buy ready-made complex planes that cut the complete shapes in a single plane. And be content knowing that youve distracted them with the great work you have done on your dovetails. But what do you do in a few months when you recognize that your first attempted profiles arent perfect? The most practical bevel angle at the very cutting tip on plane blades is around 30-degrees, a shallower angle is weaker and the edge fractures more quickly on planes because, unlike chisels, for instance, the plane blade hits the wood like a side-swipe and not dead-on inline as in chopping and paring. The Association for Preservation Technology International (APT) is a multi-disciplinary Why the speed of cut? Occasionally I get fancy and employ a complex moulding plane in the form of my 1/8 and 1/4 beading planes, but everything else is done with a hollow and round. Once you understand how to stick your own mouldings using hollows and rounds, you are only limited by your imagination when it comes to the profiles you create. Moving the process from your computer to the bench is the most important thing to do in acquiring this skill. Subsequent to my arrival there I travelled to woodworking shows to promote a better understanding of the use of hand tools. Start by marking out the outer extents of the moulding. If I have more or less space, I can alter the pitch of the hollow or round to fill in or take up the extra space. But its the staining around the holes that indicates the fillet was installed permanently and then the rust on the first nail head at the start of the mould and the one where the nail was broken off through rusting through by the mouth. Waited a long time to read about lovely moulders..from you Paul thanks. Possibly the least complex of all joinery tasks yet the most apparently intimidating. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. I own many moulding planes but less for use as my primary reason, so much as just having owned them for replicating moulding in my work, restoring pieces and making new. The planes themselves have bodies of wood, often of beech, birch, hornbeam, boxwood, or even oak, with iron or steel blades. You can either plane down to pass them or do what I did I used epoxy for the glue-up, as it was able to easily fill in those areas. They are also quite expensive when you can find one.. Even if the jig has variable spacing, dovetails done by hand are nearly unanimously seen to be more attractive than those done by machine. Mouldings in Practice, my new book to be published by Lost Art Press, will walk you through the process from holding the planes and setting the irons to making large profiles composed of several different shapes. When you buy vintage planes, look at the wedge and cutter in place. engineers, conservators, consultants, contractors, craftspersons, curators, Disclosure: BobVila.com participates in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for publishers to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. I think theres room for both kinds of tools in a workshop, though I must admit that when it comes to production work, the molding plane is obsolete, without question. Like a rabbet plane, hollows and rounds also lack fences and depth stops, which, again, is an advantage to those making small runs of profiles. Additionally, the skill is recognized by even the most novice among us. Kia ora (from Aotearoa/New Zealand) Allsop John. The best way to learn about their construction is to take one apart or repair one. The truth is, it was more than a year since I had even used any of them before I sold them. The first answer is that you must have a way to accurately and efficiently make many varying rabbets.

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